Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What did the author imply about the impact of European colonization on local economies globally?

1. Colonization had minimal effects on existing trade networks

2. Colonization disrupted local economies and created new trade patterns

3. Local economies thrived independently of European influence

4. Colonization was beneficial for all parties involved

The correct answer is: Colonization disrupted local economies and created new trade patterns

The assertion that colonization disrupted local economies and created new trade patterns reflects the historical reality that European colonization fundamentally altered the economic landscape in many regions around the world. This disruption often involved the imposition of European economic structures that prioritized the extraction of resources and the creation of cash crop economies over traditional local practices. As European powers established colonies, they frequently reorganized local economies to serve their own interests, which led to the exploitation of local resources and labor. Furthermore, colonization resulted in the integration of previously isolated regions into a global economy dominated by European powers. This led to significant shifts in trade patterns, as local products were redirected to meet European demand, often at the expense of local consumption and economic stability. Additionally, the introduction of new goods, technologies, and trade routes transformed local markets, which had lasting impacts on indigenous economies. The net effect was a profound disruption of traditional economic systems, reinforcing the idea that colonization was a transformative process with wide-ranging consequences.