Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

Which factor best explains the development of the theory of absolutism in France during the seventeenth century?

1. The rise of parliamentary systems in Europe

2. The lack of successful challenges to monarchical power in France

3. The influence of Enlightenment thinkers in France

4. The establishment of constitutional monarchies

The correct answer is: The lack of successful challenges to monarchical power in France

The development of the theory of absolutism in France during the seventeenth century is best explained by the lack of successful challenges to monarchical power in France. During this period, particularly under the reign of Louis XIV, the French monarchy consolidated its power by centralizing authority and diminishing the influence of rival powers, such as the nobility and regional parliaments. The lack of organized and effective opposition allowed the monarchy to further entrench absolute rule, promoting the idea that the king held divine right to govern without constraint. This environment of stability and overwhelming royal authority fostered the philosophical underpinning of absolutism, where the monarch was seen as the ultimate authority in governance. The absence of significant threats or successful revolts against royal power reinforced the belief in a strong, centralized authority, which became key in shaping the theory of absolutism during this era. The absence of meaningful checks on the king's power contributed to the normalization and acceptance of absolutism as an effective governing philosophy in France. In contrast, the rise of parliamentary systems, the influence of Enlightenment thinkers, and the establishment of constitutional monarchies were more reflective of developments in other parts of Europe rather than in France itself during this period, making them less relevant to the specific context of French